FOCUS SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION

FOCUS SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION

The experts (Max Siporin, Charles Zastrow, Rex A. Skidmore and Milton G. Thackery) states that Social Work is a profession for help, which is intended to help people (both individually and collectively) improve social functioning (social fungtioning). So social functioning is the focus of Social Work.

Social fungtioning viewed from various aspects, namely:

1. Ability to implement social role

Social fungtioning can be seen as a performance / execution expected role as a member of a collectivity. This view has several aspects:

a. Social status

Someone living in the middle - the middle of collectivity (family, group, and community komunitiy) must have social status. Plural social status of a person has more than one social status such as parents, husband, son, and so on.

b. Internasional

Every social status of a person always has a partner (interaction with their partner). Example:

The child's parents

Couple

Head of subordinates

c. Demands or expectations

Each individual's social status is essentially demanding behavior that should be implemented. Demands behavior according to the norms or values ​​which the person is (role expectation). For example, the social status of the parents, it is required to:

• Able to educate children - children

• Able to provide examples

• Socializing, etc..

d. Behavior

Human behavior is influenced by many factors, both factors that is inside / internal and external / external. All these factors are related to each other, interact to form a complex behavior. So, in principle, have the behavior will lead to a cause and effect.

e. Situational

Implementation of role / person's behavior according to its status, always in the context of the situation, meaning that people always behave in the context of social situations. The social situation is the basic unity that allow social interaction.

One way of looking at social situations may be:

1) Conceptual - descriptive depiction:

• What and how the reality - the reality facing

• Tasks and activities that might be undertaken

• What role do

2) Operational - perspective, that picture:

• Guidelines to be followed

• Possible future

• Action - actions that need to be done in the future

Therefore, people in the feel and look also varied situations, among others:

1) Looking at the social situation as a situation that can be trusted. On the contrary, there are people who view the situation can not be trusted.

2) Looking at the social situation as a situation that provides support. But otherwise there are people who see a stressful situation or demand.

3) Looking at the situation as a situation that fosters social and personal identity float. But otherwise there are people who see the situation as threatening situations.

Max Siporin states that there are nine characteristics of the social situation which is said to be a functional situation, namely:

a) The social situation that is structurally adequate, because:

• Provide sufficient materials and labor

• adequate ecological conditions

• Relationships are good and reasonable

b) The situation that is culturally appropriate, because:

• Having the values, norms and sanctions

• Having a moral order

• Having an effective identity

c) Process - a process that is in social situations can be run efficiently and directed to the achievement of goals.

d) The social situation thoroughly buffered seen clearly, consistently, and rellatif stable, although the social situation gives the possibility to make adjustments and changes.

e) The situation provides opportunities, resources, and services needed.

f) the social situation encourages or demands, provide reasonable sanctions and rewards.

g) The social situation is providing benefits or improve identity, self-esteem and awareness of individual and group competency as a whole.

h) The situation has prompted an awareness of the reality - the reality of life that demands that need to be dealt with skills - skills that are possessed.

i) The social situation gives the possibility for members to connect with other people.

2. The ability to meet the needs of

To be able to identify basic human needs, in fact there are some principles that need to be addressed:

a. Human needs in principle plural, meaning human needs are more than one.

b. There are some real human needs is characteristic of its cultural context.

c. System needs of each individual depends on its development. Needs of infants, adolescents, and adults will be different - different.

Types of human needs in general can be seen from the opinion of experts as follows:

1. Neil Gilbert and Harry Specht

Stating that human needs can be grouped into 5 parts:

a. Physical needs

b. Emotional needs

c. Intellectual needs

d. Spiritual needs

e. Social needs

2. Abraham H. Maslow

Divides human needs into five sections, namely:

a. Physicological needs

b. Safety needs

c. Love and belonging needs

d. Esteem needs

e. Self actualization needs

3. NASW and CSWE

Developing the opinion of Maslow's human needs, namely:

a. Need for physical and mental well being

b. Need to know

c. Need for justice

d. Need for economical security

e. Need for self-realization, intimacy and relationship

4. Naomi I. Brill

Stating that human needs, in principle, can be grouped into two groups, namely:

a. The need for security (safety needs)

The need for security cover material requirements that are useful to sustain life, such as food, clothing, housing and non-material needs such as the need to love and be loved, etc..

b. The need accomodate the drive towar Groth (the need to accommodate a boost - a boost that can result in growth)

5. Hepworth and Larsen

Classifying human needs into four, namely:

a. Positive self consept

• Identify

• Self esteem

• Self confidance

b. Emotional

• Feeling needed and valued by others

• Sense of belonging

• Companionship

c. Personal fulfillment

• Education

• Recreation

• Accoplishment

• Esthetic satisfaction

• Religion

d. Phsycal need

• Food, clothing, hausing

• Health care

• Safety

• Protection

3. The ability to solve the social problems experienced by

People in business needs, carry out the task - the task of life and to realize their aspirations is not easy. He was faced with limitations - limitations, obstacles - obstacles and difficulties - difficulties. Man at confront the problems that must be faced.